COPD Prevalence

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a disease that can be prevented and treated with some significant ekstrapulmonari symptoms, which can result in different levels of severity in each individual. Chronic lung disease is characterized by airflow limitation in the airway that is not fully reversible, progressive, usually caused by lung inflammation caused by exposure to harmful gases that can provide a systemic disorder. These disorders are preventable and treatable. The main cause of COPD is cigarette, smoke pollution from combustion, hazardous gases and particles.As previously described, the main risk factor of COPD is smoking. Components of cigarette smoke is to stimulate changes in the mucus-producing cells and bronchial cilia. In addition, the cilia that line the bronchi, and dysfunctional paralysis or metaplasia. Changes in mucus-producing cells and ciliated cells are disturbing system escalator mukosiliaris and cause a buildup of thick mucus in large quantities and difficult to remove from the respiratory tract. Mucus serves as a hotbed of microorganisms that cause infections and becomes very purulent. Arise that cause inflammation and swelling of tissue edema. Ventilation, especially expiratory inhibited. Hypercapnia arise due to the lengthening of the expiratory and difficult due to thick mucus and the presence of inflammation.In COPD patients, it should be remembered, that the administration of oxygen should be monitored closely. Therefore, in patients with chronic hypercapnic COPD occurs that causes adaptation of chemoreceptors, central chemoreceptors that normally respond to carbon dioxide. So that causes the patient continues to breathe is the low concentration of oxygen in arterial blood that continues to stimulate peripheral chemoreceptors-chemoreceptors are relatively less sensitive. Peripheral chemoreceptors are active only when the PO2 discharged more than 50 mmHg, then the remaining drive to breathe is lost. People with COPD usually have very low oxygen levels and can not be given a treatment with high oxygen. This has influenced the lives koalitas. Ventimask is the most effective way to deliver oxygen in COPD patients.